Descubren una red de regiones cerebrales implicada en la mayoría de enfermedades mentales

Las personas con diferentes enfermedades mentales presentan problemas para desactivar esta red cuando necesitan responder a un estímulo externo o concentrarse en una tarea, lo que crea interferencias entre su mundo interior y el exterior.

JANO.ES Y AGENCIAS VIERNES, 04 DE JUNIO DE 2010 Esta estructura se ha relacionado con la esquizofrenia, el trastorno bipolar, el Alzheimer, el autismo, los trastornos afectivos y, posiblemente, el trastorno obsesivo compulsivo.
El I Congreso de la Red Neuronal por Defecto servirá para poner en común los últimos descubrimientos en torno a la red neuronal por defecto, una estructura descubierta recientemente compuesta por diferentes regiones cerebrales interconectadas que son muy activas en reposo pero que se desactivan durante la realización de tareas cognitivas.
La Unidad de Psicosis e Investigación del Hospital Benito Menni de Sant Boi, Barcelona, ha detectado que los pacientes con trastorno bipolar presentan una anomalía en la red neuronal por defecto, la zona cerebral en la que este equipo de investigadores localizó, hace unos meses, alteraciones estructurales y funcionales que podrían subyacer en la esquizofrenia. Además de la esquizofrenia y el trastorno bipolar, la estructura se ha relacionado recientemente con otras enfermedades mentales como el Alzheimer, el autismo, los trastornos afectivos y, posiblemente, el trastorno obsesivo compulsivo.
Según Edit Pomarol-Clotet, psiquiatra del Hospital Benito Menni, la red neuronal por defecto "está activa cuando estamos ensimismados en nuestro pensamientos, tiene relación con la conciencia de ser uno mismo". Las personas con diferentes enfermedades mentales presentan problemas para desactivar esta red cuando necesitan responder a un estímulo externo o concentrarse en una tarea, lo que crea interferencias entre su mundo interior y el exterior.
"Es muy importante perfilar qué áreas cerebrales se ven anormales en comparación con la gente sana", afirma la doctora Pomarol-Clotet. Estos descubrimientos abren la puerta a "elaborar fármacos más específicos que actúen sobre esas áreas con el objetivo de mejorar la salud de los pacientes".
Más de 200 investigadores de todo el mundo se reúnen entre hoy y mañana en el I Congreso de la Red Neuronal por Defecto, organizado por el Complejo Asistencial Benito Menni. Los expertos presentan diferentes estudios que relacionan la actividad de una red de regiones cerebrales con la mayoría de enfermedades mentales como la esquizofrenia, la psicosis, el Alzheimer y el autismo.
http://www.diariosalud.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19713&Itemid=413

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