Polémico: Expertos aconsejan no estirarse antes de hacer ejercicios

Los expertos lo equiparan a extender una banda de goma al límite. Cuando uno se estira al máximo, aumenta la probabilidad de padecer un tirón muscular.

15 de abril de 2010, 11:21 AM LONDRES (AP) - Mucha gente da por sentado que conviene hacer estiramientos antes de empezar a hacer ejercicios. Pero la mayoría de los expertos considera actualmente que no solamente es contraproducente sino potencialmente dañino.

Los estiramientos tradicionales, como cuando la gente se inclina para tocarse la punta de los pies o estirar las piernas sobre una cerca, a menudo hacen que los músculos se endurezcan en vez de aflojarse, exactamente lo que se necesita para la actividad física.

Los expertos lo equiparan a extender una banda de goma al límite. Cuando uno se estira al máximo, aumenta la probabilidad de padecer un tirón muscular.

"Hemos desarrollado esta idea de hacer los estiramientos estáticos exactamente cuando no conviene", dijo Kieran O'Sullivan, experta en ejercicios en la Universidad de Limerick en Irlanda, que ha estudiado varios tipos de estiramientos y su impacto en los atletas.

Cuando uno se estira antes de hacer ejercicios, el organismo puede creer que está en riesgo de estirarse en exceso, y lo compensa contrayéndose y poniéndose más tenso. Eso significa que uno no es capaz de moverse tan rápida o libremente, lo que aumenta la probabilidad de lastimarse.

O'Sullivan dijo que el estiramiento contribuye a la flexibilidad, pero que no se debería practicar antes de hacer ejercicios.

"Es como levantar pesas para ganar fuerza", ejemplificó. "Uno no debe hacer una sesión de pesas justo antes de ejercitarse, ni tampoco estirarse".

En los últimos años, varios estudios han hallado que el estiramiento estático antes de jugar un deporte resta velocidad y fuerza.

Y cuando los expertos en el Centro para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades revisaron más de 100 informes en busca de estudios sobre estiramiento, hallaron que la gente que lo hacía antes de ejercitarse no tenía menos probabilidad de sufrir lesiones como un tirón muscular, que se suponía podía prevenirse con el estiramiento.

En vez de estirarse, muchos expertos recomiendan entrar en calor con un breve trote o un ejercicio propio del deporte a realizar, como patear una pelota de fútbol o hacer un breve peloteo en el tenis. Ese tipo de movimiento ligero acelera el pulso cardíaco y el flujo sanguíneo a los músculos, para aumentar la temperatura corporal.
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