La dieta reducida en carbohidratos puede aumentar el colesterol

En los participantes que siguieron una dieta reducida en carbohidratos aumentaron mucho más los niveles de ácidos grasos libres, que se liberan a la sangre cuando el organismo destruye la grasa almacenada.

NUEVA YORK (Reuters Health) - Reducir el consumo de carbohidratos ayudaría a adelgazar, pero no sería tan recomendable para bajar el colesterol, según un nuevo estudio.

Las personas que siguieron una dieta reducida en carbohidratos, pero relativamente alta en grasa, adelgazaron en seis semanas tanto como aquellos que hicieron un régimen rico en carbohidratos.

Pero los niveles de lipoproteína de baja densidad (LDL) o colesterol "malo" aumentaron significativamente en el grupo con una dieta reducida en carbohidratos, mientras que bajaron en el otro grupo.

Los niveles altos de LDL son un factor de riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca porque están asociados con la obstrucción de las arterias.

Las dietas reducidas en carbohidratos son cada vez más populares y sus defensores aseguran que reducen el colesterol y el riesgo de desarrollar diabetes, señaló en American Journal of Clinical Nutrition el equipo de la doctora Teri L. Hernandez, de la University of Colorado, en Denver, Aurora.

Pero poco se conoce sobre cuáles son sus efectos, a diferencia de la dieta rica en carbohidratos.

El equipo le indicó al azar a 32 adultos obesos realizar durante seis semanas una dieta reducida en carbohidratos (20 gramos o menos por día) o una con el 55 por ciento de las calorías derivadas de este componente.

Ambos grupos adelgazaron unos 6 kilos. Pero los pacientes que siguieron una dieta reducida en carbohidratos sufrieron un aumento de unos 12 miligramos por decilitro en los niveles de LDL, desde 109 miligramos por decilitro (menos de 100 es un nivel óptimo).

En el grupo tratado con la dieta rica en carbohidratos, el LDL disminuyó 7 miligramos por decilitro, desde 102 miligramos por decilitro.

En los participantes que siguieron una dieta reducida en carbohidratos aumentaron mucho más los niveles de ácidos grasos libres, que se liberan a la sangre cuando el organismo destruye la grasa almacenada.

Tener niveles altos de ácidos grasos libres dificulta aún más el trabajo del hígado para almacenar la glucosa, lo que eleva los niveles de azúcar en sangre. Ese aumento define la diabetes.

"Los datos sugieren que la dieta rica en grasas tendría efectos metabólicos adversos durante el adelgazamiento", concluyó el equipo.

Vínculo: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/spanish/news/fullstory_95777.html
FUENTE: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, online 27 de enero del 2010.

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